WALK YOUR TALK

(Joshua J. Pelino, BA-Philosophy 3)

J.L. Austin categorizes all utterances into performative (henceforth performatives) and constative (henceforth constatives) utterances, arguing that to say anything is to do something. Then, he makes an attempt but is unable to develop a standard for differentiating between constatives and performatives. He therefore gives up on using a criterion to distinguish between constatives and performatives in utterances and comes to the conclusion that all utterances are performatives. But his argument breaks down when he analyzes utterances since it leads to an infinite regress. (Araki, 2018)

            According to Austin, when a speaker utters a sentence, they are performing an illocutionary act of exerting a certain force, as opposed to a locutionary act of meaning-giving and a perlocutionary act of accomplishing specific effects. The locutionary act is the act of saying something, the act of uttering certain expressions, well-formed from a syntactic point of view and meaningful, by this act the speaker tries to convey something, or pleaded something and command. This kind of act is where the speaker is the main source of the word.  An illocutionary act is a way of using language, and its performance is the performance of an act in saying something as opposed to performance of an act of saying something, it is where the other will try to affirm or deny the word, it helps the word in expanding it meaning. The perlocutionary act corresponds to the effects brought about by performing an illocutionary act, to its consequences (intentional or non-intentional) on the feelings, thoughts, or actions of the participants, it is where the respondents will react and say something, by this they will have a productive dialogue and exchange of thoughts with the speaker.

            Speech act is very visible in the political realm especially during camping for the upcoming election. The candidate will try to say something “I will make everything possible, just vote me”. This idea is very relevant in the notion of speech act, it is simple because when we talk to covey and command, we must also act on it, we should now live ourselves behind and let others to act.

            Indeed, speech act is useful and we should include this notion in political matter, we should use or voice to make an action but we should also act on it. Buy this the speech act proposed by Austin will be relevant and our modern time. 

 

References

            N. Araki. Speech Act Theory. Research Vol. 52. 2018

            E. Oishi. Austin’s Speech Act Theory and the Speech Situation. Esercizi Filosofici 1. 2006

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